Global, regional, and national burden of disease associated with low-fiber dietary patterns for colorectal cancer from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease 2021

Low-fiber diets are a known risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). This study assesses the global, regional, and national burden of CRC due to low-fiber diets from 1990 to 2021. The analysis showed significant disparities in CRC burden due to low-fiber diets. Low- and middle-income regions, particularly populations over 50 years old, bore the highest burden. The global burden has increased over time, particularly in regions undergoing dietary transitions. Notable advancements have been observed in high-income regions, largely attributable to the implementation of efficacious public health initiatives, enhanced early detection capabilities, and dietary enhancements. Nevertheless, low-SDI regions continue to experience a disproportionate burden due to restricted access to healthcare, inadequate awareness of CRC risk factors, and the rising prevalence of low-fiber processed diets. These studies underscore the importance of public health initiatives aimed at increasing dietary fiber intake, particularly in regions with low socioeconomic development, where the burden of CRC attributable to low-fiber diets remains high. The global decline in CRC mortality and DALYs due to low-fiber diets is particularly pronounced in high-income regions, where public health policies, early detection, and improved healthcare access have played pivotal roles in reducing the burden.[21-23] However, the adoption of Westernized diets in low- and middle-income countries has shifted the burden of CRC to these regions, where CRC incidence and mortality have risen. To address these inequalities, targeted public health interventions promoting increased fiber intake and improved dietary habits are required, particularly in low SDI areas. Targeted dietary interventions to increase fiber intake are essential to reduce the global CRC burden. Policymakers should focus on high-risk regions and populations to mitigate this preventable health issue.