Global Epidemiologic Trends of Early-Onset Cancers From 1990 to 2021 and Projection to 2040

Early-onset cancer (EOC), defined as cancer occurring in individuals age 15-49 years, represents a growing global health burden.  In 2021, there were approximately 23.6 million new EOC cases and 0.99 million deaths globally. The highest incidence rates were observed in breast, nonmelanoma skin, and cervical cancers, with the highest death rates seen in breast and lung cancers in 2021. EOC disproportionately affected women, particularly in high-income countries. Risk factor analysis highlights obesity, tobacco use, and dietary patterns as key contributors to EOC burden. Healthy lifestyle could reduce the burden of EOC.