Xin Zhang, Jing Zou, Jinghua Ning,et al. Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 20;15(1):6264
Tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer (TBL) is among the most common malignancies worldwide, with persistently high incidence and mortality rates, posing a significant threat to public health. This study comprehensively evaluated the global, regional, and national burden of TBL across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021, utilizing predictive models to estimate trends from 2022 to 2035. This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database to systematically analyze the prevalence (ASPR), incidence (ASIR), mortality (ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with TBL. In 2021, the global ASPR, ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs for TBL were 37.28, 26.43, 23.50, and 638.60 per 100,000 population, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, ASPR increased slightly (0.09 per 100,000), while ASIR, ASMR, and DALYs declined by 0.07, 0.15, and 0.23 per 100,000, respectively. Regionally, the highest ASPR was observed in the high-income Asia-Pacific region (69.79 per 100,000), while East Asia recorded the highest ASIR (43.41 per 100,000) and ASMR (38.53 per 100,000). Sub-Saharan Africa had the lowest burden. Gender analysis showed that males had a significantly higher TBL burden than females, but their burden declined over the study period. In contrast, females, particularly in older age groups, experienced an increase in burden. Future predictions indicate that the overall TBL burden will decline between 2022 and 2035; however, the burden among females and older adults is projected to rise, with a marked increase in female ASPR.. Although the overall burden is declining, significant disparities exist across genders and regions, with East Asia and high-income North America warranting particular attention. Females and older adults are priority groups for future interventions. The findings underscore the importance of early screening, targeted interventions, and region-specific strategies to optimize public health policies, resource allocation, and tailored prevention efforts.
24 Mar, 2026